Iran’s delayed reaction to the assassination of Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh can be attributed to difficulties in preparing its ballistic missiles. The Islamic Republic’s missile arsenal, which includes advanced models such as the Shahab-3, Ghadr, Emad, and the long-range Khaibar Shikan, is highly sophisticated but also complex to deploy.

The Shahab-3 is an Iranian adaptation of the North Korean Nodong missile, while the Ghadr and Emad are upgraded versions. The Khaibar Shikan is a solid-fuel missile with a range exceeding 2,000 kilometers. These missiles are challenging to intercept due to their multiple warheads and evasion capabilities.

Despite launching between 110 and 130 ballistic missiles during an April attack on Israel, only a few hit their targets due to interception efforts. Most missiles were fired from Iran, with some from Yemen. A US military analyst highlighted that Iran’s limitations stem from the number of available launchers. With only about a hundred mobile launchers, Iran cannot fire more missiles than the number of launchers in a single volley. Additionally, preparing these missiles for launch involves a lengthy process—up to six hours for a skilled crew and nearly a day for a less experienced one.

This lengthy setup time, combined with uncertainties about the exact number of mobile launchers and crew capabilities, means Iran might struggle to maintain a high rate of fire in ongoing conflicts. The delay in Iran’s response to the recent assassination could be a result of this extended preparation time, and it might also serve as part of Tehran’s psychological strategy to affect Israel’s economy and morale while buying time for a more calculated response.

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